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Natural Language Watermarking Based on Syntactic Displacement and Morphological Division

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This paper explores the method for Korean text watermarking and develops a morpheme and syntax based scheme that a predicate nominal is divided into a nominal and a predicate, and syntactic adverbial can be displaced. Korean, as an agglutinative language, provides a good ground for the morpheme-based natural language watermarking because a word consists of several morphemes, and we can also use the characteristics that Korean permits free word order. Korean word usually consists of a content morpheme and a function morpheme. However, predicate nominal has exceptionally two content morphemes—nominal and predicate--and one function morpheme. So, we can divide a predicate norminal into a nominal and a predicate. In addition, most languages permit displacement of syntactic adverbials within its clause. Combining these two characteristics, we propose a method of language watermarking based on syntactic displacement and morphological division. To make our system more secure, we adopt a sentence weight value and make the weight value carry a watermark bit. Our watermarking method doesn’t change the meaning of the most marked sentences, and it also ensures the naturalness of the sentences. From the experimental results, we show that the rate of unnatural sentences of marked text is reasonable, and the watermarking capacity is better than previous systems. The coverage of marked sentences is also reasonable. Experimental results show that the marked text keeps the same style, and it also has the same information without semantic distortion.

Citation

M. Kim, O. Zaiane, R. Goebel. "Natural Language Watermarking Based on Syntactic Displacement and Morphological Division". International Workshop on Security, Trust, and Privacy for Software Applications, pp 164-169, July 2010.

Keywords:  
Category: In Workshop

BibTeX

@misc{Kim+al:10,
  author = {Mi-Young Kim and Osmar R. Zaiane and Randy Goebel},
  title = {Natural Language Watermarking Based on Syntactic Displacement and
    Morphological Division},
  Pages = {164-169},
  booktitle = {International Workshop on Security, Trust, and Privacy for
    Software Applications},
  year = 2010,
}

Last Updated: January 15, 2020
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